ODYSSEY: FINAL
1) How does the Odyssey start “in the middle of things”?

When we first read the book we hear about Odysseus' journey when he is held captive on Calypso's island. Then we hear the greater part of the journey to the present.




2) What is Odysseus’ tragic flaw and how is it shown?


Overbearing and prideful.





3) Explain the motif of Agammenon and Clytaimnestra.  What theme does it reinforce?


When Agammenon came home from Troy, his wife Clytaimnestra killed him upon arrival. They reinforce the evil of women, and loyalty because in the book, Penelope is the loyal good wife and Clytaimnestra is the disloyal evil wife.





4) Who are seductresses in the Odyssey and what purpose do they serve?


Possibly Helen, Circe and Calyspo. They may or may not actually be women but they try and lure men into forgetting about who they are.







5) Summarizes Books 1-4.  What story do they tell?




Telemachos disides he wants to go learn about his father so he goes to the council and Zeus sends down an eagle (motif alert). The eagle is shown to give him consent to go on his journey. Telemachos leaves and travels to Pylos and meets Nestor , and then he goes to Lacedaimon and meets Menelaos. This story tells how Telemachos went to meet Trojan War heroes to find out if his father is alive or not.




6) Summarize Books 5-8.  What story do they tell?


Zeus lets Odysseus leave Calyspo's island on raft and he lands on a Phaiacian town a few days later. He then meets Princess Nausicaa, who wants to help him return home so she has him meet her family(Arete her mother and her father Alcinoos). They agree to helping him and give him many gifts and send him on a ship.


7) Summarize Books 20-24.  What story do they tell?

Penelope has the suitors play a game, ad whoever wins will marry her. Odysseus wins but she doesn't see. Odysseus kills all the suitors, he also kills the disloyal maids. Odysseus tells Penelope a secret only they know and she finally believes he is Odysseus. In the morning, Odysseus goes and meets his grieving father, and the people find out that the suitors were killed and they start fighting but Athena stops it.




8) Discuss the theme of Loyalty and give three detailed examples from the book.


Loyalty in the book is when you but someone before yourself and always stay true to them. In this book you see loyalty when Penelope doesn't kill Odysseus unlike Agammenon also we can see this them through Eumaios who even after many years is still there to constantly help his master. Lastly, you see through Telemachos, he lets a stranger into his own home and takes care of him.








9) Discuss the theme of Hospitality and give three detailed examples from the book.

Hospitality is shown when Telemachos goes to Pylos and Nestor invites to a feast, and also when Odysseus lands in Phaiacia and Arete and Alcinoo want to help hime return home.




10) Discuss the back-story of Troy, where it appears and what it represents.


The war between the Greeks and the people of Troy. The strife began after the Trojan prince Paris abducted Helen, wife of Menelaus of Sparta. When Menelaus demanded her return, the Trojans refused. Menelaus then persuaded his brother Agamemnon to lead an army against Troy.

Odysseus fought this war. After, on his way back to Ithaca he was held on Calyspo's island until he finally returned 7 yrs after the war.




11) Discuss the symbol of Hades.  What does it represent?  Who is there?  What do they say or do there?

The land of the dead, the final resting place for departed souls. we see Tantalus, Teresias, Achilles, Aias, Agammenon, and Anticleia. Odysseus speaks to his mother Anticleia about her death, the suitors also speak to Agammenon about how they die and Agammenon speaks of how penelope is a much more loyal than his own wife.


12) Discuss the symbol of birds.  What does it represent?  Give three examples from the book?

Penelope sees an eagle killing some geese in a dream, this represents Odysseus killing the suitors. Amphinomos sees an eagle carrying a dove, showing Odysseus is coming to kill them. Telemachos sees an eagle as he is presenting in front of the courts, this eagle means Zeus has approval of Telemachos' 


13) Achilles - A Trojan war hero who died. He had a choice before he died between living a long uneventful life or get lots of glory and then die. He chose the latter. 

14) Antinoos - The most arrogant of the suitors. Antinoos leads the campaign to have Telemachus killed. Unlike the other suitors, he is never portrayed sympathetically, and he is the first to die when Odysseus returns.

15) Emurymachos - Ithacan nobleman and one of the two leading suitors. 

16) Nausicaa - Daughter of Alcinoos and Queen Arete, she finds Odysseus when he washes ashore on Paeicia and expresses and attraction toward him. 

17) Scylla - Immortal sea monster that Odysseus passed in narrow waters. She has seven heads and lives in a cave.

18) Charybdis - Immortal sea monster that Odysseus passed in narrow waters. She sucks up the water like 

19) Aiolos

20) Laertes

21) Orestes


22) Nestor

Books 21 - 24 Summary

Book 21 - 24: Penelope brings down Odysseus' bow and explains the game to the suitors, in which one of them will marry her if they win. All the suitors fail to string the bow. Odysseus reveals his identity in secret to Eumaios and Philiotos. They postpone the game to make a sacrifice and Odysseus asks to take a try at it, but Antinoos refuses. But Penelope lets him and he string the bow and shoots through the axeheads.
Odysseus proves himself by making the shot, and shoots Antinoos through the throat with a bow. The suitors freak out and look for weapons but can't find any, but they threaten Odysseus, and he threatened them back. Eurymachos attacks Odysseus but he kills him. Telemachos collects weapons and armor for his father, Eumaios and Philiotos but he leaves the storage room open and Melanthios took weapons and armor to the suitors. Athena appears in the form of Mentor, and the suitors threaten Mentor not to join Odysseus. After all the suitors die, Odysseus asks Euryclia which of the maids were disloyal. Odysseus makes the twelve disloyal maids clean up the blood and corpses of the suitors. Then, he had Telemachos hang them outside.
Penelope is told by Euryclia that Odysseus is back, but she does not believe her. Odysseus and Telemachos set up a fake wedding plan to make the people of Ithaca believe that the suitors are still alive. Later, Odysseus tells Penelope about their secret bed he maid with a tree trunk and she finally believes he is her husband, the rest of the night they talk. The next day Odysseus leaves to go visit his father with the herdsman and Telemachos.
Hermes lead the suitors into Hades, where they meet Achilles and Agamemnon. The suitor Amphimion tells Agamemnon how they all died. Agamemnon then responds with the comparison of the faithful Penelope to his own murderous wife. At the same time, Odysseus arrives at Laertes house. Laertes doesn't recognize him but Odysseus gives himself a fake identity and speaks of Odysseus. Laertes becomes very sad so Odysseus reveals himself and they reunite and go inside to eat. Meanwhile, in town, the goddess Rumor bandies spreads the word about the suitors death and all hell breaks loose when Eupeithes want revenge for his son Antinoos' death. Eupeithes leads a group of men to Laertes house but, Athena disguised as Mentor commands peace between them.

Book 17-20 Summary

Book 17-20: Telemachos leaves Eumaios to see his mother and takes Odysseus to beg in town, Penelope welcomes her son and hears his stories of when he traveled, he lies and says he is still captive on Calypso's island. When Eumaios and Odysseus get to town, Melanthios taunts Odysseus and kicks him. Odysseus begs from the suitors and they give him bread, but Antinoos turns against him. Telemachos defends his father and the others give him food. Penelope asks Eumaios to bring the beggar to her room to see if he knows anything about Odysseus, and they plan on meeting later on.
Next Iros, an actual beggar enters the palace and demands Odysseus leave, and challenges him to a fight. Odysseus' strong body intimidates Iros, and he takes him out side and knocks him out. The suitors congratulate him with food. Penelope comes down stairs and announces she has no choice but to choose one of the suitors to marry, due to Athena's convincing. One of the maids Melantho, is rude to Odysseus and insults him, she also refuses to listen to him. Eurymachos makes multiple jokes about Odysseus and then throws a stool at him. The suitors think they are wasting their time with the beggar and go to bed. Odysseus meets with Penelope and reminds her that he was once powerful, he also tells her Odysseus will return soon. Penelope questions his origins and he says it's too hurtful to explain. She then explains her situation with the suitors and how she has no strength to resist marriage. Penelope asks for proof and a description of her husband and some of his companions. She begins to cry and believes that he really did know Odysseus. Odysseus reassures her that he is on his way home and will be home shortly. Penelope is certain Odysseus is dead. She tells her maids to take care of Odysseus, and they wash his feet. While the maid Euryclia is washing his feet she sees a old scar that she recognizes as Odysseus'. Odysseus makes her vow not to tell his secret. Penelope asks Odysseus to interpret a dream she had about an eagle that preys on geese and he says it means Odysseus is going to come back and fight the suitors. Odysseus sleeps out side of Penelope's room and sees some maids going to sleep with some of the suitors and is silently outraged. Odysseus prays to Athena and Zeus while he hears Penelope crying and praying to Artemis. Zeus sends down thunder which Odysseus believes means this will be the suitors' last day. Melanthios agian gives Odysseus grief in the morning, but he resists to fight back. The suitors begin planning to kill Telemachos but Anphinomos sees an eagle fly over and backs out. Next, they have a feast and Telemachos tells all of them to leave the beggar alone. They agree, but insist that Odysseus is dead and Penelope should pick a husband. Telemachos tells them that he cannot force his mother to marry, and they laugh at him.

Characters:
Telemachos
Odysseus
Penelope
Zeus
Athena
Eurymachos
Artemis
Melanthios
Anphinomos
Antinoos
Eumaios
Iros
Euryclia

Books 13 - 16 Summary

Books 13-16: Odysseus thanks Alcinoos for his hospitality and him and his crew leave for Ithaca. They arrive in Ithaca and unload his gear. Poseidon angry at Odysseus asks Zeus if he can turn the Phaiacians ship into stone in the harbor of their city Zeus allows him to and Alcinoos observes this. Odysseus wakes up thinking he is in a strang land and Athena comes to him in the form of shepherd and tells him he is in Ithaca. Odysseus lies to her and she turns into a woman and tells him she knows he is lying, and reveals her identity. She tells him not to tell anyone his true identity and plans the suitors death. After, she turns him to a wrinkly old man. 

At the forest hut Odysseus is disguised as a beggar, he runs into his old swineherd Eumaios. Eumaios makes him dinner and tells him about his dead lord, Odysseus. Odysseus reassures him that Odysseus will come back and fight the suitors. Odysseus tells him that he grew up in Crete and told him about the Trojan war and being enslaved in Egypt which made him a beggar. 

Athena finds Telemachos and tells him to return home or his mother will marry one of the suitors. She also warns him about the suitor ambush and instructs him to find Eumaios and have him pass on a message to Penelope informing her that he is home. Telemachos leaves with Peisistratos, but not until a eagle flies off with a goose, which Helen thinks means that Odysseus will get the suitors back. In Ithaca, Odysseus says he will be leaving in the morning to find work with the suitors but Eumaios invites him to stay until Telemachos returns. Odysseus asks about his parents, and Eumaios explains how his mother died and how lonely his father is. Telemachos arrives and avoids death by ambush. Theomachos sees a hawk pick up a dove and believes it is a sign that Theomachos' famiy will stay in power forever. Telemachos finds Eumaios and they hug and they are filled with joy. Eumaios introduces him to his beggar friend. Odysseus tries to encourage him to rally against the suitors but Telemachos is hesitant because he is powerless. Athena comes to Odysseus and tells him to reveal his true identity to his son and she made him young and strong again. Odysseus tell Telemachos he is his father and both hug and cry. Odysseus mentions again they need to fight the suitors but Telemachos doesn't think they can. Odysseus makes a plan which involves the help of Athena that they will conduct the following day. Penelope is informed that her son has returned and the suitor hear of this but do not understand how he made it past them. They decide they must kill him so one of them will marry Penelope. One of the suitors says the should consult the gods to see if killing Telemachos is the right thing and they all agree. Penelope heard the suitors and tell them to stop planing and demands them to stop. 

Characters: 

Alcinoos

Odysseus 

Telemachos

Helen 

Zeus

Eumaios 

Athena

Poseidon 

Theomachos

Penelope

Phaiacians

Books 9 - 12 Summary

Books 9-12:
Odysseus tells Alcinoos where he is from and about how Calyspo held him captive prior to his arrival. He traces his route after Troy and he lost many men on the twelve ships and was in a storm the nest three days. On the tenth day they reach the island of the Lotus eaters, the peaceful people who eat the sweet lotus. A few of Odysseus' men want to stay and eat the lotus but he forces them back on the ship. Next they arrive at the land of the Cyclops, the hermit like, one eyed giants. The next day they feat on live stock and the following day they go to the mainland to meet the Cyclops. Odysseus bring goat skin filled with sweet liquor and they come to his cave. They realize he is not their and Odysseus wants to wait for him, he comes in and they hide. The Cyclops Polyphemos notices them and asks who they are, and Odysseus offers to help him with chores. Odysseus lies to the Cyclops and says his ship is wrecked. Polyphemos then eats two of his men whole in front of them, and they are defenseless. Polyphemos goes to sleep in the door way to to block Odysseus from escaping.
The next day Polyphemos eat a few more men and blocks the entrance with a large stone. Odysseus makes a weapon and when Polyphemos comes back and eats more men he offers him wine. Polyphemos asks for more and for his name and Odysseus says his name is "nobody". Odysseus then blinds him and the Cyclops starts yelling "nobody".. so nobody helped him. Once the men get safely on the ship, Odysseus shouts insults to Polyphemos, and he then breaks off a hilltop and throws it near the ship, creating a giant wave. Odysseus refuses Polyphemos' offer, and Polyphemos prays to his father to never let him come home and loose his companions. Odysseus continues his story he is telling to Alcinoos. After the land of the Cyclops they reach the land of the wind god Aiolos. Aiolos host them for a month and gives him a bag containing storm winds to travel back with. After ten days, the crew mistatkes the bag for that of gifts they open it and the ship is sent into a hurricane. The are sent back to Aiolos' island and he believes Odysseus' journey is cursed. Odysseus and his crew sail on without any wind and reach Lamos, land of the giant Laistrygonians. The king, Antiphates, and the queen eat, and the crew escapes as the other Laistrygonians shoot boulders at the retreating ship. Next they arrive to the island of Circe, Odysseus kills a buck and then spots smoke in a forest and sends half his crew to investigate. Outside Circe's house lie some wolves and mountain lions, everyone enters her house except Eurylochos because he suspects deceit. They all feast and Circe adds something to their drink and the turn into pigs. Odysseus entered the house alone and the god Hermes give him a plant that will protect him. Odysseus ends up drinking Circe's potion but remains the same, she obviously shocked, asks him to sleep with her. Odysseus is concerned about his compainons and Circe frees the and they all feast, they end up staying there for a year until Odysseus' men remind him of his plan. Odysseus asks Circe to help him sail home so she gave him detailed instruction, for he must stop in Hadas first and speak to Teiresias. As they are about to leave Elpenor was drunk and fell asleep on the roof, when called he fell off and died. Odysseus and his men sail to the region of the Men of Winter, there the make a sacrifice for Teiresias.While they are waiting for Teiresias, they see the phantom of Elphenor and Odysseus' dead mother. After, Teiresias appears and warns him that Poseidon wants revenge because of what he did to Poseidon's son. He also tell him not to touch the flocks of Helios when he lands on Thrinacia., for it would seal the fate of his crew. Teiresias predicts the future and tells him about the suitors. Teiresias leaves and Odysseus ask his mother what killed her and asks of his family. Alcinoos stops the story and asks Odysseus if he met any of his fellow warriors in the shadows. Odysseus says he saw Agamennon who talks about his death and he also saw Achilles, Tantalos and Sisyphus. The crew travel back to Circe's place where they have Elphenor's funeral. The next day, Odysseus and the rest follow her directions and plug their ears when the Sirens sing, except for Odysseus, he was tied up so he wouldn't be tempted. the following day they must sail between a six-headed sea monster named Scylla, that devoured sailors and as well as a whirlpool. The ship passes the obstacles and reaches the island of Helios, the Sun. Circe told Odysseus not to eat the oxen of this land, and Odysseus passed on the message. Even after being told some of his companions didn't listen and ate them anyway. They died. Winds prevented Odysseus not to leave for a month, he made a sacrifice after being told by Eurylochos to. After they feast for six days, they head out to see but Zeus strikes a lightening bold and wrecks the ship. Odysseus grabs a floating piece of the ship and floats to Calyspo's island.

Character list:
Agamennon
Teiresias
Calyspo
Elphenor
Eurylochos
Tantalos
Achilles
Scylla
Zeus
Circe
Alcinoos
Aiolos
Anticleia
Penelope
Athena
Cyclopians
Polyphemos
Hermes
Posiedon
Odysseus

Words Of The Day

Scion - My grandfather told me that a scion in our family once lived in a castle in Scotland.

Rapine - That old guy across the street tried to rapine miss Bakers land.

Glutton - My mom told me when I was young that over eating constantly is called being a glutton.

Harangue - I have a feeling when I take Speech and Debate next year I am going to have to watch a harangue.

Books 5-8 Summary

Books 5-8:
         Zeus finally releases Odysseus from Calyspo, Hermes island, while this is happening Athena plans to aid Telemachos from the suitors who plan to kill him. On the island, Odysseus basically cries and is sorrowful because he misses home and his wife, he is then informed that he may leave but is still suspicious of Hermes. Calyspo then helps build a raft for him to travel on for a few days, he then leaves and a huge storm erupts but Athena calms the seas.
At night, Athena,while dreaming visits the Phaiacian princess Nausicaa and asks her to wash her clothes. In the morning Nausicaa goes to the river to clean her clothes, Odysseus just waking up washed on shore, heard some girls and he then meets Nausicaa. Nausicaa is very hospitable, and provides clothes and food. Nausicaa, Odysseuss and some maids, she warns him that if people see him with her they will gossip about her future husband. She then has him meet her mother, if she likes him then she will help him get home. Odysseus prays to Athena for hospitality from the Phaiacians.
After Odysseus waits for Nausicca to go to her father's house he meets Athena in the form of the girl. He asks her for directions to the palace, and she leads him there but no one can see them because they are surrounded in mist. He enters the palace and finds the king and queen, he embraces Arete at her knees and asks for her help in bringing him home.  Alcinoos tells Odysseus that he is going to make a sacrifice in the morning, and discuss how he is going to send Odysseus back home. He asks Odysseus if he is a god, but Odysseus reassures him he is not. Alcinoos vows to get Odysseus home.
In the morning Athena calls the people of the town to look at a stranger and everyone looks at Odysseus because she cast a godly light on him. Alcinoos asks the people to provide a ship for the stranger following a festival. various games are played and Odysseus joins in when Prince Loadamas asks. Odysseus is reluctant but throws a discus farther than anyone else. He then get confidence asfter his throw and challenges anyone in any games, Alcinoos suggests a dance performance. Demodocos sings about Ares and Aphrodite. Odysseus watches the listens to the song, and performance by Alcinoos' sons. Odysseus receives many gifts and on Alcinoos orders maids to bath him. After, Princess Nausicaa asks him to remember her and he says he owes his life to her. At the dinner Odysseus asks Demodocos to sing about the wooden horse they used to invade Troy. Odysseus begins to weep and Alcinoos is the only one who notices and asks for his story.

Theme: Hospitality
We see this theme when Calyspo helps Odysseus build the raft, when princess Nausicaa offers him a bath and food and also when she takes him to her parents, Arete and Alcinoos want to help Odysseus get home and also when they offer him feasts, gifts and a place to stay before he goes home.

Mentioned  Characters:
Zeus
Odysseus
Alcinoos
Hermes
Arete
Athena
Princess Nausicaa
Calyspo
Ares
Aphrodite
Telemachos
Demodocos

Words of The Day

Libation - The night my father retired from the fire service some firefighters drank in libation to honor him.

Precedence - That one guy from Walmart had a certain precedence about him that I did not like.

Words Of The Day

Prudence (noun) - The quality of being prudent; cautious.

When I was young my prudence kept me from talking to strangers.

Baleful (adjective) - Threatening harm; menacing.

Sometimes when I babysit, the children's baleful attitude would come out when their parents weren't around.

Vocabulary Words

Prudence- (noun) The quality of being prudent; cautious.

Baleful- (adjective) Threatening harm; menacing.

Libation- (noun) A drink being poured out for a deity.

Precedence- (noun) The condition of being considered more important than someone else.

Glutton- (noun) An excessive greedy eater.

Harangue- (noun) A lengthy and aggressive speech.

Rapine- (verb) Feel or express discontent; fret.

Scion- (noun) A young shoot or twig of a plant; typically used for grafting or rooting.

Insidious- (adjective) Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, with harmful effects.

Chastise- (verb) Rebuke or reprimand severely.

Succumb- (verb) Fail to resist.

Auspicious- (adjective) Conductive to succes; favorable.

Lucid- (adjective) Expressed clearly; easy to understand.

Audacity- (noun) The willingness to take bold risks.

Helen: Married to Menelaos, she is connect to the theme of forgetting.


Book 1-4: Odysseus is trapped on the island of Calyspo, Telemachos and Penelope have suitors at their home. Telelmachos decided to find out where his father Odysseus is and learn more about him so he leaves by boat to other islands. He is welcomed to Sandy Pylos by Nestor and hears stories of his father. Then, he arrives to Lacedaimon and is welcomed by Menelaos and Helen. The suitors are waiting to kill Telemachos upon his arrival in Ithica.

Characters:
Odyssey
Circe
Telemachus
Siren
Calypso
Athena
Zeus
Polyphemus
Poseidon
Nausea
Scylla
Tiresias
Arete
Laertes
Charybdis
Menelaos
Antonius
Aegisthus

Helen

Penelope

Nestor 

Theme: 

We see the theme hospitality when Nestor and Menelaos welcome Telemachos as well as when they prepare feasts. 

The Odyssey Book 1-2 Outline

Book 1: We begin in the book when Odysseus is is trapped on the island of Calyspo, a woman who wants to take Odysseus as her lover. Athena tries to bargain with Zeus in order to free Odysseus. Athena then disguises herself as Odysseus's son Telemachus who lives in Ithaca. This is when she discovers his home is being overrun by suitors, who are extremely greedy. They are trying to entice Odysseus's wife Penelope. Athen convinces Telemachus to speak to the council and then search for Odysseus at nearby islands.

Book 2: Telemachus speaks to the council, and brings up the suitors actions. Antinous says his mother has ulterior motive. The gods send a flock of birds which a man claims he thinks means Odysseus will be returning soon. It is then said that the suitors will not leave until Penelope picks one of them to marry. Telemachus then presents his idea of going to travel to find Odysseus. He is searching to see if his father really is dead, because if he is then his mother can marry whoever she wants.

Homeschooling Is The Best Educational Option

Thesis Statement: In more ways then one, homeschooling has actually proven to be beneficial for children and families, and is becoming more and more popular.

Order Of Developement: I hope to show you the positive outcomes of homeschooling, without bashing public school, considering I have been on both sides.

Persuasive Essay Notes

Arguments should contain the following: 

Logos- Appeal of logic (is your essay logical)

Ethos- Appeal of self 

Pathos-Emotional appeal 

Things That make a good persuasive argument:

Self-interest (what is your connection to the subject, why did you choose this topic) = Ethos 

Expert Testimony (interviews, quotes, documentation with experts that back up your argument) = Ethos and Logos 

Quality of Reasoning (can you offer facts, statistics or supporting details. This is research driven) = Logos

Facts, Supporting details (facts. dates, events, things that can it be refuted)

Flaws in Opposing Arguments (point out the flaws of your opposition,know both sides) = Logos and Ethos 

What About Your Audience (appeal to audience self-interest)

Appeal To The Audience Self Interest (people will most likely believe your argument if there is something in it for them) 

Benefits and Harms 

benefits: the good things that will happen if the audience adopts your argument.

Harms: that bad things that will happen if they do not except your plan.

= Pathos 

Make It New 

Choose a topic or thesis that is new or radically different or new take on an old argument.

= Ethos and Pathos 

Don’ts

1) Irrational Evidence

2) Generalities

3) Arguments that make little sense 

4) Data that doesn’t back up your position

Avoid 

1) Mud slinging 

Do not persuade your audience by attacking your opponent’s character.

2) Emotional Persuasion 

An Appeal of feelings and passions rather than logic.

3) Transfer of Emotions or ideas from sources that have little, if anything, to do with your topic.

4) Use of quotations from men and women who are not experts in the field of your argument. Do not quote famous people because they are famous. 

5) Oversimplification 

Vocabulary Words

1) Surmised - Verb
suppose something is true without having evidence to prove it.


2) Bounteous - Adjective
generously given or giving; bountiful. 

3) Consort - Noun
A wife, husband or companion, in particular the spouse of a reigning monarch.

4) Corporal - Noun
A low ranking soldier in the army. 


5) Prate - Verb
Talking foolishly or tediously about something.


6) Dauntless - Adjective
Showing fearlessness and determination.


7) Chastise - Verb
Rebuke or reprimand severely.


8) Chalice - Noun
A large cup or goblet, typically used for drinking wine.


9) Undivulged - Verb
To disclose or reveal.

10) Surfeit - Noun
Excess; excessive amount. 

MACBETH: Study Questions—ACT 5

Scene 1

1) What do the nurse (gentlewoman) and the doctor see?

Lady Macbeth sleep walking.
2) What does Lady Macbeth mean when she says, “Out, damned spot! Out, I 

say!...will these hands never be clean.”

She sees blood on her hands but cannot wash it off.
3) What is wrong with Lady Macbeth at this point of the play?

She like Macbeth, is going crazy because of all the things that have happened.

Scene 2

1) What happens in this scene? What new characters are introduced? Why?

The soldiers are on their way to fight Macbeth. We meet Menteith, Caithness, and Angus because they introduce the opposing side.
2) What is the significance of the scene?

They give information about Macbeth and the leadrers of the army.
3) What is meant when Caithness says, “Some say he’d mad; others that lesser hate him do call it valiant fury”?
Some say Macbeth is actually psycho and others say he is angry.
Scene 3

1) How would you describe Macbeth’s attitude and mood in this scene?

Macbeth is just hearing of the army on it's way and sends for his own, he acts like he isn't afraid.
2) Why isn’t Macbeth afraid? Do his soldier’s seem afraid? Why or why not?
He knows that no one can hurt him born of a woman. They are afraid that he thinks too highly of himself and has just lost his mind.
Scene 4

1) What does Malcolm order the soldiers to do?
To keep marching on because it will all be settled with violence.
Scene 5

1) What is meant when Macbeth says, “She should have died here-after”?

She should have died after the war.
2) What is the significant of the following quote, “Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is told no more. It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury signifying nothing.”

Life is like an illusion, filled with things that distract us from important things.

Scene 6

1) What is important about this scene?

This is the start of the war, no going back.

Scene 7

1) Who does Macbeth kill in this scene? What is significant about this death?
He kills Siward's son, and brings up how he can not be killed by someone born of a woman.
Scene 8

1) What happens in this scene?

Macduff kills Macbeth.
2) Why does Macbeth lose heart in the fight against Macduff?

Macduff wins because his mother had a C-section, so he wasn't technically born of a woman.
3) Who is named king at the end of the play?

Malcolm.

What You Need to Know for the Quiz

What You Need to Know for the Quiz

Review all study questions.  Many of the questions will come from these.

Be able to pick out one motif and explain how it creates meaning in the text.
"Fair is foul and foul is fair" Whatever right is wrong and whatever wrong is right. Also whatever is pretty is ugly. 
The birds represent the witches and the murderers. 

List the five elements of tragedy 

1) Tragic hero


2) Ready to fall


3) Internal conflict


4) Dramatic foils

List the five elements of tragic hero

1) Noble birth


2) Loyal, virtuous, full of high morals


3) Tragic flaw


4) Tragic flaw causes down fall


5) Audience learns something through the character's downfall

Define and give an example of a soliloquy and a monologue

A soliloquy (when a character in a play speaks to just the audience) would be when Macbeth speaks to the floating dagger, and a monologue (a long speech by character) would be when the Porter hears the knocking.

Discuss how Act 1, Act 2, Act, 3, and Act 4 end.
Act 1 Lady Macbeth plans Duncan's death with Macbeth, Act2 Malcolm and Donaldbain flee and Macduff doesn't support Macbeth, Act 3 Everyone is suspicious about Macbeth, Act 4, Malcolm and Macduff see if they will be loyal to each other and plan to send out an army, and Macbeth has killed everyone affiliated with Macduff.

Outline the plot through Act 4.
The witches cast spells and predictions, we meet Banquo and learn of war with Scotland, Macbeth kills Duncan for power, Malcolm and donaldbain flee, Macbeth kills more people close to Macduff, the witches show Macbeth more visions, and Malcolm and Macduff plain to join forces.

Brief discuss the importance of all the characters you have met in the play so far.

Macbeth- Macbeth is king, murdered Duncan among many others. The tragic focus of this play.

Macduff- Macduff is a soldier for the king.

The Porter- Commentator of events, shows the hell-like atmosphere of the castle.
Lady Macbeth- Wife of Macbeth also Queen, planner of Duncan's death.

Lady Macduff- Wife of Macduff killed by Macbeth.

The Witches- Speakers of the future and motifs.
Duncan- King, was murdered by Macbeth.

Lennox- Thane of Scotland, against Macbeth.

The Doctor- The doctor shows the conscience of Lady Macbeth.
Malcolm- Son of Duncan, fled upon death of father.

Ross-   Noble man of Scotland fighting Macbeth.

The Bloody Captain- He described the battle to Duncan.

Donalbain-  Son of Duncan, fled upon death of father.

Seyton-   A lieutenant of Macbeth. 

Fleance- Son of Banquo, prophesied to be king by the witches.
Banquo- Loyal friend of Macbeth, later killed. 

Menteith-  Apart of the Scottish forces against Macbeth.

Siward- Leader of the English army.

Define and give two examples of dramatic foils.

1) Macbeth is predicted to be king and Banquo's children are predicted to be king.

2) Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both show evil and sane characteristics, their evil characteristics dominate.

Act 4 Questions

Macbeth

4.1

1) What are the four visions that Macbeth sees?
An armed head, a bloody child, a crowned child with a tree in his hand and a show of eight kings,
2) Which visions does he misread or misunderstand and why?
He thought he didn't have to kill Macduff, he doesn't think anyone will fight him. He believes he has no reason, an he thinks his only competition in a sense is Banquo.
3) What news does Lennox bring Macbeth?
He tells him that Macduff has fled to England.
4) What does Macbeth decide from Lennox’s news?
He is going to kill everyone related or affiliated with Macduff.
5) How might this scene be a possible climax for the play?
Because Macbeth has spun out of control.

4.2

1) Why does Shakespeare include a scene with Lady Macduff and her son?
Because Lady Macduff wants to know about here husbands flight, and she tries to explain to her son.
2) What is important about this scene?
A messenger tries to warn them to flee, but, the murderers catch them before the escape. They die.
3) List one motif or symbol from this scene?
Lady Macduff is the bird who must protect the son who is referred to as the egg.


4.3

1) Why has Macduff come to England?
He wants to speak with Malcolm about Macbeth.
2) What is Malcolm’s fear in lines 10-19?
He fears Macduff will kill him, and doesn't know who to trust.
3) Who does the lamb represent in these lines?
Macduff is the lamb, like Christ.
4) What is significant in the lines “Angles are bright still, though the brightest fell./Though all things foul would wear the brows of grace,/ yet grace must still look so.”
He is saying lucifer is the brightest angel, like Macbeth.
5) What is significant in the line, “Bleed, bleed, pour country!”
Macduff believe Scotland is wounded because of Macbeth's actions.
6) What does Malcolm call Macbeth? What list of adjectives does he use?
justice, verity, temp'rance, stableness, bounty, perseverance, mercy, lowliness, devotion, patience, courage, & fortitude.
7) How has Malcolm changed since Act II?
He has gone from brave to fearful.
8) What is the atmosphere of this scene? Why is this important?
Malcolm thinks he will be worse than Macbeth as king. It is important because the whole plan is to make Malcolm king, but his views of himself have changed.
9) What news does the doctor bring? How is this symbolic to the scene, especially to Malcolm?
People are waiting for King Edward of England's healing touch.
10) How many men did England lend Macduff?
Ten thousand soldiers.
11) What does Macduff mean when he says, “But I must also feel it as a man.”
It must fight/ be tough and manly. 

Macbeth Act 1 & 2 Sentence Summaries

Act 1

Scene 1: The Witches speak in poetry, planning to meet with Macbeth.

Scene 2: The battle and the bravery is explained by the bloody captain.

Scene 3: The witches predict Macbeth will be king.

Scene 4: Macbeth makes known that Malcolm is between him and the crown.

Scene 5: Lady Macbeth plans Duncan's death/

Scene 6: Duncan arrives, thankful for the hospitality

Scene 7: Lady Macbeth forces the reluctant Macbeth to kill Duncan.

Act 2

Scene 1: Macbeth has murdered Duncan.

Scene 2: Lady Macbeth reassures Macbeth by telling him to wash his hands.

Scene 3: After dead Duncan has been discovered Malcolm and Donaldbain flee the court.

Scene 4: Macbeth is to be crowned, suspicion arises.

MACBETH: ACT II Questions

Scene i

1) Who says the following: “Their candles are all out. Take thee that too. A heavy summons lies like lead upon me, and yet I would not sleep. Merciful powers, restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature gives away in repose.” What is significant about the quote? How has the atmosphere of the castle been changed? 
Banquo says this, he can't sleep because of demons/ dark thoughts in his head. It went from welcoming to dreary. 



2) Why does Banquo mention his dream of the Weird Sisters? Hint: Ironically this is his last dream.
They have showed him truth.

3) What does Macbeth say he and Banquo will talk about later in private?
He says he will talk about the witches and their predictions later.

4) Reread lines 42-70. Briefly summarize what Macbeth is saying in this soliloquy.
He is imagining his murder weapon even though its not really there, it is telling him to kill Duncan.

5) How does the illusion of the dagger play into the mindset of either witchcraft or Macbeth losing it.
It possibly has to do with witchcraft, considering the witches said he would be king.

Scene ii

1) What does Lady Macbeth mean when she says, “That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold”? 
The demons have made her bold enough.


2) Symbolically what does the fatal bellman toll? More than one thing here. And who is the fatal bellmen—the one Lady Macbeth hears?
He is telling him to kill Duncan. The bellman Lady Macbeth hears is the owl.

3) How do you read the lines, “Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done ‘t.” What does this say about Lady Macbeth? 
She would've killed him if he didn't look like her father, or she would have someone else kill him.


4) Sleep is an important symbol in this play. Please keep a list of all the times (with line numbers) that sleep is mentioned in Act II. Attach and turn this list in with these questions.
Scene 1: 5, 50, 14, Scene 2: 13, 22, 42,
5) What is meant when Macbeth says, “Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep”?
When he killed Duncan he killed his own sleep, he will never sleep again in a sense.

6) Why is Lady Macbeth upset with Macbeth towards the end of scene ii?
Because Macbeth forgot to leave the daggers at the murder scene.

7) What is symbolic about the knocking that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth hear?
The knocking could be God at the door.

8) What does Lady Macbeth say about washing of hands at the end of the scene? Do you believe her?
She says that Macbeth can be relieved of his evil doing if he just washes that blood off his hands.
Nope.

Scene iii

1) How is the Porter a humorous character? What does he say about drink? How does he metaphorical set the atmosphere of the scene?
He is funny because he is drunk. He says drinks are an equivocator. It metaphorically turns the castle into hell.

2) Who is at the gates? (more than 1 person)
Macduff and Lenox.


3) What does Macduff mean when he says, “Confusion now hath made his masterpiece!”?
It is incomprehensible to understand what happened.

4) How does Macbeth react to the news of the king’s murder? How does Lady Macbeth react?
He says he was so mad about his death that he killed the guards and Lady Macbeth faints.

5) Where do Donalbain and Malcolm decide to go? Why?
 Donalbain went to Ireland and Malcolm went to England. If they are innocent someone will kill them.

Scene iv

1) What is meant by the old man when he says, “On Tuesday last, a falcon, tow’ring in her pride of place, was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed”? What is symbolically suggested here? Hint: Relate the birds to scene ii.
 Macbeth the owl has just killed the falcon Duncan.

2) What does Macduff say about Malcolm and Donalbain?
They fled making them suspicious.

3) What does Macduff say about Macbeth?
He is already on his way to be crowned.

4) What is meant by the line, “Lest our old robes sit easier than our new”?
Duncan was a better king then Macbeth will become.

5) Why doesn’t Macduff go to the coronation?
Because he is suspicious of Macbeth.